Curated insights and practical frameworks for every stakeholder in India's carbon market.
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India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme Explained
On 28 June 2023, India notified the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme. It created assets, liabilities, taxable income, and personal responsibility for CFOs and directors across industries. This page brings the framework, financial impact, and practical readiness steps into one clear path.
Explore the GuideExplore CCTS From Every Angle
Curated Insights and practical frameworks for every stakeholder in India’s Carbon Market.
Authority
Inside the Book
A practical guide to the legal, financial, compliance, and strategic dimensions of India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme. Designed for decision-makers, professionals, policymakers, and anyone seeking a complete understanding of the country's evolving carbon economy.
What's Inside
Legal Framework & Regulatory Architecture- Accounting, Taxation & Compliance Guidance
- 16 Chapters + 5 Appendices Backed by Official Sources
CCTS Services
Explore CCTS From Every Angle
DC Status Assessment
Confirm your Designated Consumer (DC) status, regulatory obligations, and potential penalty exposure with a comprehensive compliance assessment.
Compliance • Foundation
CCTS Readiness Assessment
Evaluate your organization's CCTS preparedness through a complete gap analysis covering MRV, registry, accounting, tax, and compliance systems.
ASSESSMENT • READINESS
MRV System Design
Design and implement a robust Monitoring, Reporting & Verification (MRV) framework that meets ACVA and BEE compliance requirements.
MRV • COMPLIANCE
Annual GHG Inventory
Prepare accurate annual greenhouse gas inventories in the prescribed BEE format for seamless ICM Portal submission and verification.
GHG • REPORTING
Pre-Verification Review
Identify and resolve compliance gaps before ACVA verification to ensure a smooth audit and maximize carbon credit eligibility.
VERIFICATION • REVIEW
CCTS Financial Model
Forecast carbon credit positions, financial impact, and future scenarios with a customized CCTS financial model.
FINANCIAL • MODELING
CCC Accounting Policy
Develop Ind AS-compliant accounting policies for Carbon Credit Certificates, including recognition, valuation, and disclosures.
ACCOUNTING • INDAS
Income Tax Advisory
Establish a clear tax position for carbon credit transactions with comprehensive income tax analysis and documentation.
INCOME TAX • ADVISORY
GST Advisory
Assess GST implications on Carbon Credit Certificate transactions and maintain defensible compliance documentation.
GST • COMPLIANCE
ACVA Coordination
Manage ACVA appointment, documentation, verification planning, and communication for a hassle-free verification process.
ACVA • SUPPORT
Carbon Audit Support
Receive end-to-end carbon audit support through expert coordination with Accredited Carbon Verification Agencies.
CARBON AUDIT • VERIFICATION
Section 48 Due Diligence
Build documented compliance records that help protect directors and executives under Section 48 of the Energy Conservation Act.
LEGAL • DUE DILIGENCE
Show Cause Notice Response
Prepare structured, evidence-based responses to BEE show cause notices with financial and compliance expertise.
LEGAL • PENALTY
In-House CCTS Training
Train finance and compliance teams to confidently manage CCTS obligations, reporting, and internal compliance.
TRAINING • CORPORATE
Voluntary Carbon Market Advisory
Develop voluntary carbon projects, register them correctly, and unlock carbon credit opportunities beyond mandatory compliance.
CARBON MARKET • STRATEGY
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Frequently Asked Questions
The Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) is India's mandatory carbon market, notified on 28 June 2023 under the Energy Conservation Act 2001 as amended by the Energy Conservation Amendment Act 2022. It creates legally enforceable obligations for Designated Consumer companies in 14 sectors to achieve greenhouse gas emission intensity targets. Companies that outperform earn Carbon Credit Certificates. Companies that underperform must purchase them.
BEE issued two notifications in 2025 — on 16 April 2025 and 23 June 2025 — formally notifying 253 companies as obligated entities for the first CCTS compliance period. The official notification lists are available at beeindia.gov.in.
July 2026 is the deadline for submission of ACVA-verified FY2025-26 GHG reports through the ICM Portal. This is the first major compliance deadline for all 253 notified companies. Companies without functioning MRV systems and engaged ACVAs are already running behind schedule.
Section 48(1) of the Energy Conservation Act creates personal liability for the person in charge of and responsible for the conduct of the company's business. This includes the Managing Director and CFO. Personal liability equals the company's penalty under Section 26 — which for large industrial facilities can reach very significant sums.
A Carbon Credit Certificate (CCC) represents one tonne of CO₂ equivalent of verified emission reduction. BEE sets a floor price (minimum) and forbearance price (maximum) for trading. CCC prices are expected to rise as India's trajectory targets tighten toward 2030 and as potential international linkage under UNFCCC Article 6 increases demand.
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